Ukuqonda Izisekelo Zokulawula Kahle
Embonini kawoyela negesi,ukulawula kahle kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokumba. Kodwa izilawuli ezinhle zisebenza kanjani futhi kungani zibaluleke kangaka? Kule bhulogi, sizocubungula izinto eziyisisekelo zokulawula kahle futhi sixoxe ngokubaluleka kwakho emhlabeni kawoyela negesi.
Ukulawula umthombo kuyinqubo yokugcina ubuqotho bomthombo wemithombo nokuvimbela ukukhishwa okungalawuleki koketshezi okwakhekayo (njengowoyela, igesi yemvelo, noma amanzi) ngesikhathi sokumba. Lokhu kufezwa ngenhlanganisela yezilawuli zobunjiniyela, izinhlelo zokuqapha kanye nekhono labasebenzi abambayo.
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Enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zokulawula kahle uhlelo lwe-blowout preventer (BOP). Lolu cezu lwesisetshenziswa olubalulekile luklanyelwe ukuvala umthombo nokuvimbela ukukhishwa okungalawuleki koketshezi ngesikhathi sokukhahlela noma ukuqhuma. Isistimu ye-BOP ngokuvamile iqukethe inqwaba yamavalvu namasango angenziwa asebenze ukuze kuvalwe ukugeleza koketshezi ngaphakathi komthombo.
Ngaphezu kwesistimu yokuvimbela ukuqhuma,ukulawula kahle kuhilela ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lokumba, okwaziwa nangokuthi udaka, ukugcina ingcindezi nokuzinza ngaphakathi komthombo. Ngokuzungeza uketshezi lokumba eduze kwepayipi lokubhoboza bese bebuyela emuva ku-annulus, o-opharetha bokumba bangakwazi ukulawula ukucindezela okwenziwa ukwakheka futhi bavimbele uketshezi lokubumba ukuthi lugelezele emgodini womthombo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa komthombo kuncike ebuchwephesheni babamba, okuhlanganisa abamba, onjiniyela bodaka kanyeukulawula kahle ochwepheshe, abaqeqeshelwe ukuqapha nokusabela ezinguqukweni zengcindezi ye-wellbore kanye nezakhiwo eziwuketshezi. Laba basebenzi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa kokulawula kahle amanzi njalo, ukunakekela izinto zokusebenza kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.
Ukubaluleka kokulawula umthombo angeke kweqiswe, njengoba imiphumela yokuqhunyiswa noma ukwehluleka kokulawula umthombo kungaba inhlekelele. Akugcini nje ngokudala ukulimala kwemvelo kanye nokulahlekelwa izinsiza ezibalulekile, futhi kubeka engcupheni enkulu ekuphepheni kwabantu nemiphakathi ebazungezile. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula imithombo kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelweubuqotho bemisebenzi yokumba.
Kafushane, ukulawulwa komthombo kuyisici esibalulekile sokumba embonini kawoyela negesi. Ngokuhlanganisa izilawuli zobunjiniyela, izinhlelo zokuqapha kanye nobungcweti bokubhoboza, ukulawulwa komthombo kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukukhishwa okungalawuleki koketshezi lokwakheka nokugcina ubuqotho bomthombo. Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo zokulawulwa komthombo kanye nokubaluleka kwakho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokumba.